Spanish-American War Battle of Manila Bay

The Battle of Manila Bay was the opening engagement of the Spanish-American War (1898) and was fought May 1, 1898. After several months of heightening tensions between the United States and Spain, war was declared on April 25, 1898. Swiftly moving towards the Philippines from Hong Kong, the US Asiatic Squadron, led by Commodore George Dewey, prepared to strike an early blow. Arriving in Manila Bay, Dewey found the antiquated ships of Rear Admiral Patricio Montojo y Pasarons Spanish fleet anchored off Cavite. Engaging, the Americans succeeded in destroying the Spanish vessels and gained control of the waters around the Philippines. American troops arrived later that year to take possession of the islands. Fast Facts: Battle of Manila Bay Conflict: Spanish-American War (1898)Date: May 1, 1898Fleets and Commanders United States Asiatic Squadron Commodore George Dewey4 cruisers, 2 gunboats, 1 revenue cutter Spanish Pacific Squadron Admiral Patricio Montojo y Pasarà ³n7 cruisers and gunboatsCasualties: United States: 1 dead (heat stroke), 9 woundedSpain: 161 dead, 210 wounded Background In 1896, as tensions with Spain began rising due to Cuba, the US Navy began planning for an attack on the Philippines in the event of war. First conceived at the US Naval War College, the attack was not intended to conquer the Spanish colony, but rather to draw enemy ships and resources away from Cuba. On February 25, 1898, ten days after the sinking of USS Maine in Havana harbor, Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt telegraphed Commodore George Dewey with orders to assemble the US Asiatic Squadron at Hong Kong. Anticipating the coming war, Roosevelt wanted Dewey in place to strike a quick blow. Admiral of the Navy George Dewey. Public Domain The Opposing Fleets Consisting of the protected cruisers USS Olympia, Boston, and Raleigh, as well as the gunboats USS Petrel and Concord, the US Asiatic Squadron was a largely modern force of steel ships. In mid-April, Dewey was further reinforced by the protected cruiser USS Baltimore and the revenue cutter McCulloch. In Manila, the Spanish leadership was aware that Dewey was concentrating his forces. The commander of the Spanish Pacific Squadron, Rear Admiral Patricio Montojo y Pasaron, feared meeting Dewey as his ships were generally old and obsolete. Consisting of seven unarmored ships, Montojos squadron was centered on his flagship, the cruiser Reina Cristina. With the situation looking bleak, Montojo recommended fortifying the entrance to Subic Bay, northwest of Manila, and fighting his ships with the aid of shore batteries. This plan was approved and work commenced at Subic Bay. On April 21, Secretary of the Navy John D. Long telegraphed Dewey to inform him that a blockade of Cuba had been put in place and that war was imminent. Three days later, the British authorities informed Dewey that the war had started and that he had 24 hours to leave Hong Kong. Rear Admiral Patricio Montojo y Pasarà ³n. Public Domain Dewey Sails Before departing, Dewey received instructions from Washington ordering him to move against the Philippines. As Dewey wished to obtain the latest intelligence from the US Consul to Manila, Oscar Williams, who was en route to Hong Kong, he shifted the squadron to Mirs Bay on the Chinese coast. After preparing and drilling for two days, Dewey began steaming towards Manila immediately after Williams arrival on April 27. With war declared, Montojo shifted his ships from Manila to Subic Bay. Arriving, he was stunned to find that batteries were not complete. After being informed that it would take another six weeks to complete the work, Montojo returned to Manila and took up a position in shallow water off Cavite. Pessimistic about his chances in battle, Montojo felt that the shallow water offered his men the ability to swim to shore if they needed to escape their ships. At the mouth of the bay, the Spanish placed several mines, however, the channels were too wide to effectively prevent the entrance of the American ships. Arriving off Subic Bay on April 30, Dewey sent two cruisers to search for Montojos ships. Dewey Attacks Not finding them, Dewey pushed onto Manila Bay. At 5:30 that evening, he summoned his captains and developed his plan of attack for the next day. Running dark, the US Asiatic Squadron entered the bay that night, with the goal of striking the Spanish at dawn. Detaching McCulloch to guard his two supply ships, Dewey formed his other ships into the line of battle with Olympia in the lead. After briefly taking fire from batteries near the city of Manila, Deweys squadron approached Montojos position. At 5:15 AM, Montojos men opened fire. Waiting 20 minutes to close the distance, Dewey gave the famous order You may fire when ready, Gridley, to Olympias captain at 5:35. Steaming in an oval pattern, the US Asiatic Squadron opened first with their starboard guns and then their port guns as they circled back. For the next hour and a half, Dewey pounded the Spanish, defeating several torpedo boat attacks and a ramming attempt by Reina Cristina in the process. At 7:30, Dewey was informed that his ships were low on ammunition. Withdrawing into the bay, he quickly found that this report was an error. Returning to action around 11:15, the American ships saw that only one Spanish ship was offering resistance. Closing in, Deweys ships finished the battle, reducing Montojos squadron to burning wrecks. Wreck of Reina Cristina after the Battle of Manila Bay. US Naval History and Heritage Command Aftermath Deweys stunning victory at Manila Bay cost him a mere 1 killed and 9 wounded. The one fatality was not combat-related and occurred when an engineer aboard McCulloch died of heat exhaustion. For Montojo, the battle cost him his entire squadron as well as 161 dead and 210 wounded. With the fighting concluded, Dewey found himself in control of the waters around the Philippines. Landing US Marines the next day, Dewey occupied the arsenal and navy yard at Cavite. Lacking troops to take Manila, Dewey contacted Filipino insurgent Emilio Aguinaldo and asked for assistance in distracting the Spanish troops. In the wake of Deweys triumph, President William McKinley authorized sending troops to the Philippines. These arrived later that summer and Manila were captured on August 13, 1898. The victory made Dewey a national hero and led to his promotion to Admiral of the Navy - the only time the rank has been awarded.

Alexander The Great Was A Young Leader - 1359 Words

Alexander the Great was a young leader, with a very successful but very short life ahead of him. Alexander was born in Pella in Greece at the northern part of the country. He started his life at356 BC, and died at the very young age of 33 in 323 BC. After dying from causes that have not been proven yet many theories that he had died from Malaria, due to him being sick and having a very high temperature and fever 10 days leading up to the time he died. Alexander had a range of achievements and the loyalty of his army and the citizens that he lead, with the death of the Persian leader Darius the 3rd in 330BC he didn’t stop there. With many more significance towards him and other achievements which led to the making of one of the world’s bravest king and soldier, and what he went through to make sure his civilians did not live in terror. And a perfect army that him and his Father Philip had formed to be unstoppable. As well as the creation of a capital that is now a hue to urist attraction. The Achievements of Alexander the great have had a huge impact on the Ancient world and still has an impact now. With his heroic battles and the dedication that he had to take as much as he can. His extent was that he was able to conquer, he had to cross the Hellespont to be able to take the Persian Empire where he had to take three battles and was victorious in all tree as well as killing the Persian Leader Darius III. And parts India that he was able to take over. Athens, Babylon and hisShow MoreRelatedKing Alexander Lll : King Of The Western World1168 Words   |  5 PagesHead: KING ALEXANDER lll King Alexander lll of Macedon: King of the Western World William Crook Lincoln Charter School October 20, 2014 Mr Thomas Honors World History King Alexander lll 2 King Alexander lll of Macedon was the best leader during his time, and he soon became the king of all western civilization, before he was 30 years old. Alexander accomplished greater things than not only of the kings who had lived before him, but also of those who came after him. Alexander lll ofRead MoreEssay A Brief Biography of Alexander the Great615 Words   |  3 PagesAlexander the Great Alexander, the great king of Macedonia, won many wars and conquered the land of Persia and defeated there king Darius III. He was meant to be the leader of an army that his father had made because as he was growing up he was raised as a commander. At the age of 20, Alexander was already the king of Macedonia. Six years later he conquered Persia. As a young kid Alexander the Great was formed to be a hero and as he grew up and completed his accomplishments he wasRead MoreAlexander The Greats Influence On The World1431 Words   |  6 PagesAlexander the Great Occasionally history shows that the world does not have many people that could be entered in the history. And Alexander the Great was one of these people. During his childhood Alexander had great teachers who taught him how to use and how to choose great politics, diplomacy and, how to win the war if that day would come. For many years Alexander the Great studied how to control everything and how to be ready to do anything that might be needed. At the age of sixteen he had toRead MoreAlexander the Great: Historys Greatest1250 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Pella, Macedonia was the birthplace of the greatest man in history: Alexander the Great. Greatness was in his blood, fierceness and bold fighting was only a bit of his entity. Alexander also influenced the world. He died young and for a brief period of twelve years of his life were actually spent engaged in performing the work of his life (Abbot, chapter 1). However, his influence was great and seen throughout history around the globe. Alexander the Great was the greatest in history becauseRead MoreThe Death Of Alexander And The Egyptian Pharaoh Essay1579 Words   |  7 Pageswho exiles Alexander and his mother from the kingdom for insubordination. Ptolemy, Alexander’s general who became the Egyptian pharaoh following the death of Alexander, narrates the story at an old age to scribes in Egypt. Ptolemy was present and was a primary source for many of the events in the history of Alexander and he did, in fact, write down his accounts of those events. Those documents no longer exist. However, the film does not attempt to cover all of the battles Alexander and his troopsRead MoreAlexander Was A Great King978 Words   |  4 PagesAlexander was a great king. Not only was he known as Alexander the Great, but he was also known as a classical leader,and many other things. Since he was young he was taught by a very intelligent philosopher, Aristotle. He learned so many things that later in life helped him to become a strong leader. Alexander will always be remembered for the great leader he was. Alexander was born on July 20 or 21, 356 BC, In Pella, Macedon. He was the son of Philip II of Macedon and Olympias of Epirus.Read MoreThe Death Of Alexander, The Egyptian Pharaoh Essay1593 Words   |  7 PagesPtolemy, Alexander’s general who became the Egyptian Pharaoh following the death of Alexander, narrates the story at an old age to scribes in Egypt. Ptolemy, a primary source for many of the events in the history of Alexander, did, in fact, write down his accounts of those events. Unfortunately, those documents no longer exist. Understandably, the film does not attempt to cover all of the battles in which Alexander and his troops fought, rather it basically covers two of the major battles in spectacularRead MoreAlexander The Great s Life1660 Words   |  7 PagesAlexander the Great was born on July 20, 356 B.C. in Pella. During his childhood Alexander’s father was actually not around that much. Alexander’s father was usually away fighting with the nei ghboring nations. However, one very important thing to Alexander’s father and mother was that he was to get an amazing education. While he was young, Alexander’s father hired him a tutor. One of the tutors was Aristotle, who was a very famous Greek Philosopher. When Alexander was only sixteen years old his fatherRead MoreThe Life Of Alexander The Great994 Words   |  4 PagesLife of Alexander the Great Camia Lopez Alexander the Great, the Son of King Philip II of Macedonia, was a young yet ambitious leader who conquered many nations. In ancient Greece, Greeks desired their leaders to be intelligent, prestigious, loyal, and hospitable. Alexander, an ambitious commander, satisfied all categories to qualify as a great leader. Alexander was born into nobility for his father was a descendent of Heracles, and his mother was a descendent of Aeacus. As Alexander grew olderRead MoreAlexander the Great: the Man, the Life, the Legacy Essay example1465 Words   |  6 PagesAlexander the Great: The Man, the Life, the Legacy History is full of remarkable characters. Whether they were noble or unrepentant in their actions those were what made them immortal through our recorded history. One such character is Alexander the Great. Some have accused him as a drunken killer who wanted only to have the world under his rule. Others deem him as a kind-hearted man who wanted to better the world by spreading the culture of his people. The decision of what is in the right and

Microsoft Swot Free Essays

Microsoft Corporation (NASDAQ: MSFT) is an American multinational corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington that develops, manufactures, licenses and supports a wide range of products and services related to computing. The company was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen on April 4, 1975. Microsoft is the world’s largest software maker measured by revenues. We will write a custom essay sample on Microsoft Swot or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is also one of the world’s most valuable companies. Microsoft was established to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800. It rose to dominate the personal computer operating system market with MS-DOS in the mid-1980s, followed by the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems. The company’s 1986 initial public offering, and subsequent rise in its share price, created an estimated three billionaires and 12,000 millionaires from Microsoft employees. Since the 1990s, it has increasingly diversified from the operating system market and has made a number of corporate acquisitions. In May 2011, Microsoft acquired Skype Technologies for $8. 5 billion in its largest acquisition to date.  «About Microsoft inc. As of 2012, Microsoft is market dominant in both the PC operating system and office suite markets (the latter with Microsoft Office). The company also produces a wide range of other software for desktops and servers, and is active in areas including internet search (with Bing), the video game industry (with the Xbox and Xbox 360 consoles), the digital services market (through MSN), and mobile pho nes (via the Windows Phone OS). In June 2012, Microsoft announced that it would be entering the PC vendor market for the first time, with the launch of the Microsoft Surface tablet computer. In the 1990s, critics began to contend that Microsoft used monopolistic business practices and anti-competitive strategies including refusal to deal and tying, put unreasonable restrictions in the use of its software, and used misrepresentative marketing tactics; both the U. S. Department of Justice and European Commission found the company in violation of antitrust laws. Microsoft just lost a world-record to Apple. Microsoft was valued to $619 billion during the last tech bubble in 2000, and the current value of Apple is $623 billion – so Apple currently is the most valuable publicly traded company of all time (If you ignore inflation. IBM was worth $1. 3 trillion in 1967 if you adjust for inflation). Microsoft seems to lose more and more of their market shares to competitors. Google’s web-browser Chrome is the largest web-browser – Microsoft Explorer has the second place. Is Microsoft the next large tech company to fall into the graveyard of the old once mighty forgotten companies? To find out, one way is to make a SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis StrengthsWeaknesses †¢Strong brand †¢Increasing research and development investments †¢High financial strength†¢Lack of innovations †¢Bugs †¢No proud users OpportunitiesThreats Windows 8 †¢Xbox 720 †¢New logo†¢Piracy †¢Tablets competition †¢Open source model Strengths †¢Microsoft is the number 1 in the following areas: oXbox 360 – 47 percent of the market before Playstation 3 and Nintendo Wii oOffice – 94 percent of the market  «Microsoft. com » oWindows is the largest operating syste m in the world – 92 percent of the market before Apple with 6 percent  «Microsoft. com » †¢Microsoft may not always be number 1, but they are number 2: oExplorer is the second largest web-browser – behind Google Chrome oBing is the second largest search engine – behind Google Sometimes you don’t have a choice. If you are buying a PC today, you are going to buy it with Microsoft Windows pre-installed. If you are working at a large company, you are going to use Microsoft Office †¢Microsoft is a company with a high financial strength: oDistributes a dividend 4 times each year – currently $0. 23 per share oAre buying back shares – the 2012 outstanding shares have decreased by 16. 6 percent since 2006 oRevenues in 2012 have increased to $73,723 million from $44,282 million in 2006 oEarnings per share in 2012 have increased to $2. 72 from $1. in 2006  «Can the once mighty Microsoft rise again?  » Weaknesses †¢Lack of innovat ion. Microsoft and Facebook both spent about $1 billion. Facebook bought Instagram, and Microsoft bought patents  «Microsoft. com » †¢Lack of innovative company culture. The employees are competing with each other – not with other companies – thanks to the management system inside Microsoft that says that everyone in a group can’t be top performers. Each unit is forced to declare a certain percentage of employees as top performers, good performers, average, and poor – no matter how good they are. One of the employees said: â€Å"It was always much less about how I could become a better engineer and much more about my need to improve my visibility among other managers. †  «Can the once mighty Microsoft rise again?  » †¢Bugs – Microsoft has a reputation for making software with bugs. Everyone can remember when Bill Gates was going to make a presentation and the famous blue screen appeared. Go and check it out here if you have missed it: YouTube. Have you ever seen a similar presentation by Apple? The problem with creating a software such as Windows is that Windows needs to work with many different computers from different manufacturers. It is easier for Apple to create software without bugs since they are manufacturing their own computers †¢No dedicated users. Apple users loves to show that they are using Apple devices, but who’s proud of using a device from Microsoft? Opportunities †¢Next generation products such as Windows 8 and Xbox 720 †¢Microsoft has just changed its corporate logo – and the logo now includes a symbol Threats Microsoft is a PC company while more and more people are shifting to mobile and tablets. They are trying their best with Surface – their own tablet. It’s hard to compete with Apple today since you also have to compete with iTunes Store with millions of apps. If you create a better iPhone competitor, people are still going to use the iPhone because of all the apps available †¢Open source models: oLibre Office is free and as good as Microsoft Office if you are only using the basic functions oOuya – the open source Android video game console may be a low-cost competitor to the Xbox How to cite Microsoft Swot, Essay examples

Impact of Changing Business Environments on the Management Accounting

Question: Explain the impact of changing business environments on the management accounting. Answer: Introduction The business environment has been changed significantly over the last few decades because of enormous technological advancement, which improve the business activities as well as provide greater facilities to the business organizations to expand their business. The changing business environment has substantial impact on the management accounting. The modified business environment has brought lots of changes in the process of management accounting. The technological advancement, globalization and increasing completion change the business environment, thus the requirement of changing the management accounting has been felt by the business organization (Bamber, Braun and Harrison, 2008). Unavoidably, all these changes impact on management accounting as well as the management accounting has implement the changing practice of the management. The issue rose through the interaction of the connected factors, management accounting dependant on the changes within the international business environment. Without any doubt it is considered that the idea of management accounting is originated from cost accounting. Cost accounting has significant commercial importance for the business organization. With the changing business environment the cost accounting made advance via the changes made equivalent to the changing business scenarios (Warren, Reeve and Duchac, 2007). Literature review The aim of the report is to determine, analyze and evaluate the role of management accounting in changing business environment (Davis and Davis, 2012). The changing business environment has affected the role of the management accounting and providing appropriate information to the decision makers in order to meet the needs of decision making. Therefore, the global business environment forced the companies to make changes in their structures, systems and operations to adapt with the new environment. The revolutionary changes in training systems and education of the management accounting will be helpful to meet the needs of accounting within the organization. The sustainability of role of the management accounting in changing business environment is a controversial issue that has increased the interest of many researchers. The research on this specific topic will help to explore many ideas and supporting the arguments of the study. The views and ideas with necessary experience and know ledge concerning the area are fundamental and are the conceptual and theoretical contexts. The study will also helps to connect the existing works with this research and evaluating the role of the management accounting within an organization in the changing business environment (Epstein and Lee, 2011). After 1960, management accounting plays a significant role in providing information to take managerial decisions within the organization. The existing theories show that the managerial decisions within the organization have changed after 1980. The evidence supports the views based on the strategic and organizational changes in order to adapt to the business environment after 1980. The advancement in the technology, operations, systems and structure needs changes in the managerial decisions and have also impacted the demand for traditional role the management accounting. According the research study, changes in economic, legal, social, political and technological factors caused changes in the business environment. The advent of the globalization has played a significant role and changes in product life cycle are also an important factor. After 1980, the conventional role of the management accounting is not suitable and the needs of changes become necessary in order to ensure sustainability within the changing business environment (Garrison, Noreen and Brewer, 2012). In order to operate in changing business environment radical changes are important as well as in its training systems and education are necessary. It is an integral part of the company and requires generation, identification, interpretation and presentation of the information. Research objective The main objective of the research is to decide that the conventional role of management accounting is suitable for the new business scenario or not. Research questions The research questions help in carrying out the research to the right direction so that the research objectives can be accomplished more appropriately. Is it suitable to use conventional role of management accounting and providing information in the support of managerial decision appropriate for new business environments? Has the management accounting initiated basic changes in its education and training systems to implement to the new business parameters? Has management accounting been able to introduce improvised tools and techniques to fulfill the modified accounting requirements of the remodeled organization? Has the demand for the traditional role of management accounting increased in the changing business environments? Has management accounting made any type of advancements from its decision supporting the role to a new decision making role in the varying business conditions? (Global Accounting and Organizational Change Conference, 2007) In case such advancements were made possible without alterations in the education and training systems, at the time of lack of the advanced techniques without the increase in demand for the services? What were the impacts of the changing business environments of the traditional role of management accounting harmful or beneficial? Research methodology The research methodology leads to the creation of the limitless spheres that are acknowledged for the betterment of the research. In this research report the approaches that are chosen are the deductive approaches and the surveys that provide the proper results for carrying out the proper and the further explanation of the impact of the changes that are seen in the case of the management accounting. The deductive approaches are followed with the quantitative approach that helps in moving the general theory to create the specific observations crucial for the explanation. The survey process also is made through the help of the bunch of the questions which symbolizes the attaining of the research objectives for the creation of the proper approaches for the strategy and thus it also helps in providing the quantitative approaches of the attitudes and the opinions that are claimed for the question (Jiambalvo, 2007). Hence forth this process is judged under the quantitative approach and hen ce forth the achievement is also made for the creation of the satisfactory answers to the research questions. In the process of this research methodology, the systematic sampling process are used for the in which the sample selected seemed to be 50 accountants and hence the expected accountant that are surveyed over the telephone is seemed to be 7 in numbers. Henceforth the sample accounted seems to be close ended questions that helps in the creation of the advantages for the respondents and the instruments are also permitted with the research questions. The respondents are also facilitated by the respondents which also help in the requirement of the detailed writings and thus the answering of the questions becomes easy for the respondents and also it helps in meeting the requirements of the researchers. The nature and the purpose of the study are conducted for the participants satisfaction with the creation of the satisfaction for the research topic (Journal of Financial Reporting Accounting, 2010). Gantt chart Main Activities/ Stages Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Selection of the topic Preparation of the research proposal Preparation of the literature review Description of the research methodology Preparing interview and ethics form Collection of data Data analysis Comparing findings and discussions Final analysis of the research Conclusion and recommendations Submission of the research study Milestone Key activities Time Scale Preparation of research proposal Week 1 Literature Review Week 6 Data collection and analysis report due Week 10 Final Business Research Week 14 Description of data collection The data provided creates the survey of the strategy that is included for the creation of the data collection process which also helps in the selection of the data collection process. It also helps in the collection of the information and the gatherings that are required for the gathering of the data techniques and thus the rationales are also depicted for the procedures. The sources of the data that are collected are from the perceptual inception and thus the information also helps in the collection of the data required and hence the interviews are also created by the individuals. The process also helps in the inclusion of the research and thus the interview is also included for the selection of the individuals that are related with reporting the collection of the data requirement (Kieso, Weygandt and Warfield, 2007). The descriptive and the inferential statistics are also created which also helps in the creation of the proper measurement of the data and the information of the surve y regarding the distribution of data for the statistical methods. Expected research outcome The research study clearly shows that changes in the business environment have impacted the management accounting within the organization. The sustainability of the conventional role in chugging business environment is considered as disputed issues that is the main point of the research. The changes in the management are important in order to deal with the changing business environment within the organization (Needles and Crosson, 2002). The management accounting provides financial and economic information to internal user that helps them to make efficient and effective decisions. The analysis of external and internal environments in the context of the management accounting is determined. The changes in the management accounting will help the managers to take decisions and providing information to support the managerial decisions (Shim and Siegel, 2012). References Bamber, L., Braun, K. and Harrison, W. (2008).Managerial accounting. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. Davis, C. and Davis, E. (2012).Managerial accounting. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons. Epstein, M. and Lee, J. (2011).Advances in management accounting. Bingley, UK: Emerald. Garrison, R., Noreen, E. and Brewer, P. (2012).Managerial accounting. New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Global Accounting and Organizational Change Conference. (2007).Managerial Auditing Journal, 22(4). Jiambalvo, J. (2007).Managerial accounting. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Journal of Financial Reporting Accounting. (2010).Managerial Auditing Journal, 25(6). Kieso, D., Weygandt, J. and Warfield, T. (2007).Intermediate accounting. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Needles, B. and Crosson, S. (2002).Managerial accounting. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co. Shim, J. and Siegel, J. (2012).Managerial accounting. New York: Schaum. Warren, C., Reeve, J. and Duchac, J. (2007).Accounting. Mason, OH: Thomson/South-Western.